Samenvatting

Tang Ping (躺平, TP), or “lying flat,” has emerged among Chinese youth as an embedded response to overwork, involution, blocked mobility, and declining confidence that sustained effort will secure adult roles and material stability. This Perspective asks what may happen when institutions and platforms restrict the visibility, legitimacy, or circulation of TP expression without changing the pressures that made it meaningful. It introduces the Tang Ping Differentiated Pathways Framework (TP-DPF), a conceptual model of function-contingent responses to suppression. The framework distinguishes three manifestations of TP: discourse, self-identification, and practice. Its originality lies in combining this manifestation-function distinction with function-contingent divergence after suppression. When TP expression serves active boundary-setting and retains agency, suppression may evoke autonomy-threat appraisal, freedom-restoration motivation, and displaced voice through coded, private, anonymous, or symbolic expression. When TP expression reflects passive, despair-driven withdrawal and low efficacy, suppression may instead reinforce voice-futility appraisal, futility-based withholding, and intensified hidden disengagement. Self-determination theory differentiates the two functions; psychological reactance theory explains the active pathway; and voice-and-silence theory explains the passive pathway. Chinese relational obligations, moralized striving, class-linked resources, and state-platform visibility governance may condition discourse-practice correspondence and post-suppression pathways. The article specifies construct definitions, multilevel boundary conditions, operational propositions, sampling and measurement strategies, instruments, and analytical designs. It concludes cautiously that reduced public TP discourse by itself cannot demonstrate motivational recovery because expression may diverge from practice, active voice may be displaced, and passive withdrawal may deepen.