A driving cycle defines the speed profile as requirement for a propulsion systems or vehicles. As a single driving cycle can hardly be considered representative for all situations a vehicle will experience, attempts are made to classify driving cycles, using techniques as fuzzy logic, statistics and …

Optimization routines for battery, supercap and fuel cell stack in a fuel cell based propulsion system face two problems: the tendency to cycle beating and the necessity to maintain identical amounts of stored energy in battery and supercap at the start and end of the driving cycle used in the simulation. …