In 1986, English became a compulsory subject in primary education in The Netherlands1. While secondary schools have, by law, been required to offer English since 1863 the articulation between Dutch primary and secondary education levels of English language teaching has always been problematic to the …

In response to globalisation and internationalisation of both higher education and the job market, The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS) has seen a considerable increase in English-medium courses, i.e. non-language subjects taught through English. Internationally, the rise of English-medium …

The power of the European Union’s language policy is limited, since it runs its policy based on the principle of subsidiarity. However, this does not mean the EU cannot exert pressure on the member states and thus, influence national language policies. As European countries increasingly focus on the …