Although causal inference has shown great value in estimating effect sizes in, for instance, physics, medical studies, and economics, it is rarely used in sports science. Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) is a modern method for performing causal inference. TMLE is forgiving in the misspecification …

Although it is advocated that end-users are engaged in developing evidence-based injury prevention training to enhance the implementation, this rarely happens. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ uses an ecological participatory …

Societal actors across scales and geographies increasingly demand visual applications of systems thinking – the process of understanding and changing the reality of a system by considering its whole set of interdependencies – to address complex problems affecting food and agriculture. Yet, despite the …

Background: Drug checking services (DCS) provide information about drug content and purity, alongside personalized feedback, to people who use drugs; however, the demographic and drug use characteristics of DCS clients are rarely reported. This paper describes these characteristics for clients of the …

Studies show that children’s literature can significantly impact the racial and ethnic development of young children. However, research has determined that the lack of existing racial and ethnic awareness amongst educators results in these literacy tools rarely being used to their full potential. This …

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activity has reinforced climate change to alarming rates and has introduced new stressors such as plastic pollution to the environment. Currently, 4.8 - 12.7 million tons of plastic litters enter the oceans every year. Globally alternatives to replace synthetic-based …

The article argues that a dynamic systems theory approach can be helpful in understanding intrapersonal psychological behaviour changes. In terms of control and coordination, different movement systems - walk, trot, canter - are incomparable. This is also the case with psychological phase transitions. …

Respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause severe pneumonia. Nonetheless, mechanically ventilated intensive care patients, who have a high risk of contracting pneumonia, rarely develop pneumococcal pneumonia. Mechanically ventilated patients are at risk of contracting pneumonia. Therefore, …

Background: The support of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) rarely focused on motor activity, which might have negative consequences for the quality of life of these people. Evidence-based motor activity programs that present individually tailored and structural motor …

In recent years, the importance of sustaining social innovation initiatives, once initiated, has gained increasing attention and, in particular, the role that design(ers) can play in this process. However, both the academic study and the practice of design and social innovation are currently lacking …