Objectives: Theoretical frameworks such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) may provide a basis to study psychological factors associated with inhalation adherence among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study was designed to assess the predictability of TPB …

BACKGROUND: Since the benefit-harm balance of adding inhaled corticosteroids to long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear, we evaluated this addition for a range of patient profiles. METHODS: Analyses …

Effective clearance of inhaled particles requires mucus production and continuous mucus transport from the lower airways to the oropharynx. Mucus production takes place mainly in the peripheral airways. Mucus transport is achieved by the action of the ciliated cells that cover the inner surface of the …