In the Netherlands municipalities are searching for guidelines for a heat resilient design of the urban space. One of the guidelines which has recently been picked up is that each house should be within a 300 meter of an attractive cool spot outside. The reason is that houses might get too hot during …

A new gravitation wave observatory is being built in Japan. This facility is a big Michelson interferometer where the mirrors and sensors will be made cryogenic down to 4 K. The problem is that: the heat cannot be transported out of the mirror by its surroundings because the whole system is in an ultra-high …

Nuclear fusion is seen as one of the future technologies for roducing electrical power. In a hot and con ned plasma deuterium and tritium will melt together and form a helium nucleus and a neutron. This process produces a total of 17.6 MeV energy. In the plasma instabilities occur. Suppression of these …