Linear supply chains for electrical and electronic equipment lead to substantial material losses and environmental impacts, particularly for polyurethane rigid foam used as insulation in refrigerators. This study investigates the systemic conditions that shape the transition towards circular supply chains …

The viability of novel network-level circular business models (CBMs) is debated heavily. Many companies are hesitant to implement CBMs in their daily practice, because of the various roles, stakes and opinions and the resulting uncertainties. Testing novel CBMs prior to implementation is needed. Some …